BUS TOPOLOGY

Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus topology.

Features of Bus Topology

1. It transmits data only in one direction.
2. Every device is connected to a single cable

Advantages of Bus Topology

1. It is cost effective.
2. Cable required is least compared to other network topology.
3. Used in small networks.
4. It is easy to understand.
5. Easy to expand joining two cables together.

Disadvantages of Bus Topology

1. Cables fails then whole network fails.
2. If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of the network decreases.
3. Cable has a limited length.
4. It is slower than the ring topology.

                                                                  RING TOPOLOGY
It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbours for each device.

Features of Ring Topology

1. A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large number of nodes, because if someone wants to send some data to the last node in the ring topology with 100 nodes, then the data will have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node. Hence to prevent data loss repeaters are used in the network.
2. The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by having 2 connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology.
3. In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is in opposite direction in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can act as a backup, to keep the network up.
4. Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data transmitted, has to pass through each node of the network, till the destination node.

Advantages of Ring Topology

1. Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or by adding more nodes, as only the nodes having tokens can transmit data.
2. Cheap to install and expand

Disadvantages of Ring Topology

1. Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.
2. Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network activity.
3. Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.

                                                                 STAR TOPOLOGY

In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all others nodes are connected to the central node.

Features of Star Topology

1. Every node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.
2. Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.
3. Can be used with twisted pair, Optical Fibre or coaxial cable.

Advantages of Star Topology

1. Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.
2. Hub can be upgraded easily.
3. Easy to troubleshoot.
4. Easy to setup and modify.
5. Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can work smoothly.

Disadvantages of Star Topology

1. Cost of installation is high.
2. Expensive to use.
3. If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because all the nodes depend on the hub.
4. Performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity

ASSALAMUALAIKUM,

Pernahkah kita meminta supaya kita dimatikan dengan penutup yang baik ‘husnul khatimah’?

Sebenarnya bukan kena minta sahaja tetapi kena buru dan kena cari. Kali ini kita akan bincangkan tanda-tanda mati khusnul khatimah. Antara tanda mati husnul khatimah ialah:

1.   1.     Mengucapkan khalimah syahadah ketika wafat. Rasulullah bersabda, maksudnya 

            “Sesiapa yang pada akhir kalimahnya mengucapkan La ilaaha illallah maka ia 

             dimasukkan ke dalam syurga “  (Hadis Riwayat Hakim)
2.       Ketika wafat dahinya berkeringat.
3.       Wafat pada malam Jumaat.
4.       Mati syahid dalam medan perang.
5.       Mati dalam penyakit kolera.
6.       Mati kerana tenggelam.
7.       Mati kerana tertimpa/runtuhan tanah.
8.       Perempuan yang meninggal kerana melahirkan anak.
9.       Mati terbakar
10.   Mati kerana penyakit busung perut.
11.   Mati kerana penyakit Tubercolosis.
12.   Mati kerana mempertahankan harta dari perompak.
13.   Mati dalam membela agama dan jiwa.
14.   Mati dalam berjaga-jaga (waspada) di jalan Allah.
15.   Orang yang meninggal ketika mengejarkan amal soleh.

                  SEMOGA KEMATIAN KITA DALAM HUSNUL KHATIMAH,SEKIAN.

PENYIMPANGAN dan masalah seksual , khusus di kalangan remaja semakin membimbangkan.Pergeseran kefahaman seperti dosa masing-masing tanggung, kubur masing-masing jaga, membuatkan masalah dosa dan zina sesuatu yang mukla dipandang remeh.

Penyimpangan seks, iaitu zina sesuatu yang amat keji dan mesti dihindari setiap Muslim sebagaimana firman Allah yang bermaksud ‘...dan janganlah kamu mendekati zina sesungguhnya zina itu perbuatan yang sangat keji dan satu jalan yang sangat buruk.”

Pergaulan bebas, berdua-duaan, berpimpin tangan, rapat merapati dan berhimpit di atas motosikal adalah faktor permulaan yang kuat mendorong ke arah penyimpangan seksual.

Alam remaja adalah alam yang sangat mencabar sehingga disebut nabi dalam satu senarai orang kenamaan akhirat adalah remaja yang terselamat dan menyelamatkan diri dari zina.

LANGKAH PENCEGAHAN MENURUT ISLAM ADALAH ;

• ·         Jaga pandangan mata dengan tidak melihat aurat jantina berlainan termasuk                gambar serta filem pornografi.
• ·         Tidak bersentuhan kulit antara lelaki dan wanita termasuk bersalaman.
• ·         Tidak bergaul tanpa batasan.

Beriadah 

💚💚💚💚💚💚

Create sweet memories with them💚

Bring back new friends of mine 💕

Preparation for my little brother's birthday..yay!!

ootd

Menjamu selera masakan kampung bersama keluarga

A drone, in a technological context, is an unmanned aircraft.Essentially, a drone is a flying robot. The aircrafts may be remotely controlled or can fly autonomously through software-controlled flight plans in their embedded systems working in conjuction with onboard sensors and GPS.